期刊:Environmental Science & Technology Letters
期刊影响因子:8.8
关联机种:LCMS-8060,应用LCMS-8060建立对于四类对羟基苯甲酸酯的检测方法,并进行实际多种环境介质样本的分析。
The Source of Parabens in Urban River Water: The Evidence From Outdoor
Multimedia Environment in Six Metropolitan Cities, China
Xue Zhao -- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
Yawei Wang -- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
//doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00213
Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 2024, 11, 5, 485–491
ABSTRACT: Parabens (PBs) are typical endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) that are commonly found in a water environment. However, their fate and transport in urban rivers remain largely unexplored. This study offers a quantitative analysis of the sources of PBs in urban river water, considering the perspective of a multimedia environment. PBs were ubiquitous in the surface water of six metropolitan cities in China, with median concentra- tions of 8.38 ng/L. A significant difference was observed for PB concentrations in different cities. The geographi- cal variation of PBs in the six rivers may be influenced by multiple factors, including hydrological conditions (run-off amounts and catchment areas), environmental factors (temperature and SPM concentrations), population density, production, and domestic wastewater discharge. Here, the occurrence of PBs in outdoor dust was report- ed for the first time and was found to be the most polluted solid medium on the land surface. The estimated input fluxes of PBs in the six rivers ranged from 32.0 to 1470 tons/a. The point source emission was the primary input source of PBs in river water of the six cities, contributing between 56.7% and 93.7%, followed by the non-point source discharge of runoff scouring dust, contributing 1.77% to 38.4%.
研究背景
药品和个人护理品(pharmaceuticals and personal care products,PPCPs)的污染问题是国内外研究的热点。对羟基苯甲酸酯(PBs)是典型的PPCPs类物质,作为防腐剂和杀菌剂广泛应用于食品、药品和化妆品中,因其具有内分泌干扰性而引起关注。PBs已在城市水环境中广泛检出,但目前对PBs在大气、土壤和地面积尘等城市多介质环境中赋存特征的理解还不够深入,对于城市化流域中该类污染物的源汇过程缺乏定量研究。因此,研究城市化河流中PBs的污染特征及其受多介质环境影响的机制,对PPCPs类物质的污染防控具有重要意义。
方法与结论
本论文选择了六个分布在中国东西南北中的典型城市,在每个城市采集河水、河流沉积物、大气(气相和颗粒相)、 土壤和地面积尘样品。多介质环境样品经过固相萃取、振荡萃取和加速溶剂萃取等方法进行预处理后,利用云顶国际 LCMS-8600靶标测定其中PBs的浓度水平。基于获得的监测数据和多介质逸度模型原理,计算PBs在城市河流各个源汇项中的通量。

图2 PFASs的母血—脐血(TMS-CS)、母血—胎盘 (TMS-P)、胎盘—脐血(TP-CS)的转移效率
PBs在城市多介质环境中普遍存在,检出率在76.7%~100%之间。六条河流中∑4PBs的空间分布特征如图1所示,结果显示河流中PBs的浓度水平受到复杂的人类活动影响。∑4PBs在污水处理厂受纳河流下游采样点(R4和R10)的浓度较高,由此可见污水处理厂的排水(点源污 染)是影响河流中PBs浓度的重要原因。在商业区、旅游景点及生活密集区等交通和人口聚集区域附近的采样点也发现了较高浓度的∑4PBs,如哈尔滨中央大街防洪纪念塔(R5和R6)、北京清河社区、天通苑社 区(R13 ~ R17)和兰州市中山桥附近(R23)。除此之外,工业区附近同样出现了∑4PBs浓度较高的现象,如深圳市石岩区(R49 ~ R51)和松岗区(R56)、兰州工业集中区(R21~R22)、武汉化工园区附近(R34 ~ R37)和杭州萧山附近工业区(R45 ~ R46),由此推测工业废水等点源污染排放是影响河流中PBs污染的因素。除上述因素外,医院也是影响河流中PBs浓度的可能因素。杭州京杭大运河的R38和北塘河R42采样点均位于医院的下游,这两个采样点水体中∑4PBs浓度远高于周围的采样点。制药行业广泛使用PBs作为防腐剂和消毒剂可能是造成这一现象的潜在原因。综上所述,城市污水处理厂排水、工业废水、医院废水、农村污水等点源污染是影响城市河流中PBs浓度的重要因素。
多介质逸度模型已经被广泛用于分析城市环境中新污染物的环境行为。本论文首次采用多介质逸度平衡方程,基于中国六个城市多介质环境中PBs的监测数据,对城市化区域水环境中PBs的来源进行了定量分析。六个城市河流中PBs的源汇项通量结果如图2所示,点源排放(E2)是六个城市河流中∑4PBs的主要输入源,占总输入量的58.3%~95.9%。这表明,城市化流域水环境中PBs的存在主要是由于人类活动产生的点源排放,如污水处理厂的废水、沿河雨水出口中的雨水、污水直接排放以及合流制排水管道中的溢流。除了点源排放外,降雨径流冲刷地面积尘(F25)是河流水体中∑4PBs 的第二大输入源,贡献率在1.77% ~ 38.4%之间,值得关注。综上所述,在城市化区域水环境中PBs的污染防治仍然以加强点源污染控制为主,同时兼顾雨季的城市面源污染防治。
图2 六个城市河流中各个源汇项中Σ4PBs的通量(a)哈尔滨(b)北京(c)兰州(d)武汉(e)杭州(f)深圳
综上所述,本论文系统揭示了中国城市化区域多介质环境中PBs的污染特征,特别是首次报道了地面积尘中PBs的赋存特征。河流中PBs的空间分布受社会经济等多个因素影响。基于多介质逸度模型的反演,确定了点源排放是城市河水中 PBs的主要来源。本论文结果突出了点源污染控制对于防止PBs及其他具有相似生命周期和环境途径的EDCs污染地表水的必要性。